How often does Congress meet in session?

Congress meets in session annually, beginning on January 3rd. This schedule is established by the 20th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution, which dictates that Congress shall assemble at least once every year. Typically, the first session of Congress starts on January 3rd following the election of members of the House of Representatives and one-third of the Senate, and it can last for most of the year as Congress conducts its legislative business.

The designation of a single annual meeting emphasizes the structured nature of the legislative process in the United States, allowing Congress to address national issues, pass legislation, and engage in oversight of the executive branch. Although Congress can meet for special sessions called by the President, the regular annual meeting is essential for the continuity and functionality of the legislative process.