What does the Fourth Amendment protect citizens from?

The Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution specifically protects citizens from unreasonable searches and seizures by the government. This amendment is aimed at safeguarding individuals' rights to privacy and security in their own homes and personal effects. It requires law enforcement to obtain a warrant based on probable cause before conducting searches or seizing property, thus ensuring a legal process that respects individuals' rights.

The protection against unreasonable searches and seizures serves as a critical check on government power, requiring a balance between law enforcement needs and personal freedoms. This foundational aspect of constitutional law helps to maintain the integrity of private life against arbitrary intrusion by the state. The other choices pertain to different legal protections: double jeopardy is addressed by the Fifth Amendment, slander and libel relate to defamation laws, and racial discrimination is covered by civil rights laws, not the Fourth Amendment.