What does the system of checks and balances do?

The system of checks and balances is a fundamental principle embedded in the U.S. Constitution that aims to prevent any one branch of government—executive, legislative, or judicial—from becoming too powerful. This mechanism requires that each branch has the authority to monitor and limit the functions and powers of the others, creating a balance that protects against tyranny and abuse of power. For example, while Congress can pass laws, the President has the power to veto those laws, and the judiciary can review their constitutionality. This dynamic interaction maintains a level of power equilibrium among the branches, safeguarding democratic governance and ensuring that no single entity can dominate the political landscape.

The other options address different aspects of government structure and function. Ensuring equal representation in Congress relates to the legislative process, while the direct election of judges speaks to judicial selection methods. Allowing states to override federal law pertains to federalism and the relationship between state and federal governments but does not relate to the checks and balances system.