What is federalism?

Federalism refers to a system of governance that effectively distributes power between a central (or federal) authority and various subnational entities, such as states or provinces. This model allows for a balance where both levels of government operate independently within their own spheres of authority while also sharing certain powers.

This division of power encourages a diversity of policies and regulations that can better meet the local needs of different regions while maintaining a unified national framework. For example, states may have the authority to legislate on education and transportation, while the federal government oversees issues like defense and foreign policy. This structure not only enhances governmental efficiency but also promotes democratic engagement by allowing citizens to participate in governance at multiple levels.

The other options suggest forms of governance that do not align with the principles of federalism. Concentrating power in a central authority or having no division of power indicates a unitary system, while an absence of laws altogether points to an anarchic structure, neither of which reflects the cooperative dynamic inherent in federalism.