What is the system of checks and balances?

The system of checks and balances is designed to prevent any single branch of government—executive, legislative, or judicial—from gaining too much power. This concept is foundational to democratic governance and establishes that each branch has the ability to limit the powers of the others. For example, while the legislative branch makes laws, the executive branch can veto legislation, and the judicial branch can review laws for their constitutionality. This interaction ensures that power is distributed and balanced among the branches, promoting accountability and protecting citizens' rights. By distributing authority, the system helps to thwart authoritarianism and maintain a government that represents the will of the people.

The other options do not accurately capture the essence of checks and balances. Reducing government spending pertains to fiscal policy rather than the structure of governmental power. The process of electing government officials is a separate aspect of democratic government not inherently related to checks and balances. Lastly, policies for foreign relations involve international diplomacy and are not directly tied to the power dynamics among governmental branches.