Which document outlines the structure of government for each state?

The document that outlines the structure of government for each state is the constitution of that specific state. Each state's constitution serves as the foundational legal document that defines the organization, functions, and powers of the state government, including the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. It also details the rights of the citizens within that state and establishes the framework for local governance.

While the U.S. Constitution provides the overarching legal framework for the federal government and sets limits on its power, it does not dictate the intricacies of state governments. Similarly, the Federalist Papers were created to promote the ratification of the U.S. Constitution and discuss the principles of government rather than state-specific governance. The Declaration of Independence expresses the colonies' intent to separate from British rule and outlines philosophical principles but does not establish government structure. Thus, the answer is the constitution of each individual state, as it is tailored to the governance and needs of that specific state.