Who has the final authority to interpret the Constitution?

The Supreme Court holds the final authority to interpret the Constitution. This power is derived from the principle of judicial review, established in the landmark case of Marbury v. Madison in 1803. Judicial review allows the Supreme Court to evaluate laws and executive actions against the Constitution, determining their constitutionality.

The Supreme Court's interpretations set binding precedents, meaning that lower courts and government entities must follow its rulings. This role is critical in maintaining the rule of law and ensuring that the Constitution remains the supreme law of the land. The Court's decisions can significantly shape public policy and political discourse, reflecting its pivotal function in the government structure.

Other branches of government, such as the executive or legislative branches, do not possess this power, as they are tasked with enforcing and creating laws rather than interpreting their alignment with the Constitution.